Atherosclerosis is a complex, multiscale pathology driven by chronic inflammation, cellular transport, and structural remodeling of the arterial wall. In this talk, we present a mathematical perspective on its initiation and progression through a hierarchy of mechanistic models. We first describe formulations of chronic vascular inflammation based on reaction–diffusion equations that capture the interplay between pro-inflammatory signals, lipid accumulation, and immune response. We then discuss models of fatty streak formation, where the coupling of inflammatory mediators with chemotactic migration of macrophages leads to spatial heterogeneity and pattern formation within the intima. Finally, we introduce moving-boundary models that represent long-term vessel wall remodeling, including plaque growth and changes in lumen geometry. Together, these modelling frameworks provide insight into the dynamical processes underlying plaque development and offer a quantitative foundation for analyzing progression, stability, and potential therapeutic interventions in atherosclerosis.